People’s Awareness About Mobile Phone Radiation
Exposure to radiation might be dangerous but how concerned are people?
Electromagnetic radiation
Blog [EN]
Featured stories
The E Ink Advantage: How It Beats Other Screens in Real Life
Explore how E Ink technology outshines LCD, LED & OLED screens with better outdoor readability, energy efficiency, and eye comfort in real-world applications.
Mudita Kompakt
Mudita Products
E Ink Technology
Mudita Kompakt & Embracing Mindfulness in the Digital Age
Discover how Mudita Kompakt fosters mindfulness with minimalist design, essential features, and privacy-focused technology for a balanced lifestyle.
Mudita Kompakt
Digital minimalism
Mindful Use of Technology
Stop Mindless Scrolling: Break the Habit & Reclaim Your Time
Mindless scrolling harms productivity & mental health. Reclaim time by setting limits through mindful tech use & tools like Mudita Kompakt for intentional use.
Mudita Kompakt
Focus and productivity
Digital minimalism
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
How to fall asleep fast?
Unlock the secrets to falling asleep fast and sleeping better! Check out our tips on sleep hygiene, bedtime rituals & creating the perfect sleep environment.
Healthy Body and Mind
Sleep
Wellness
Mastering Time with the Sellita SW-300-1 Automatic Mechanism
The Sellita SW300-1 Swiss automatic mechanism is a popular movement used in various high-end watches. It is known for its reliability and performance.
Mudita Products
Minimalism
Sustainability
The Titanium Edge: The Ultimate Material for Premium Watches
Discover why titanium is revolutionizing luxury watchmaking with unparalleled strength, lightweight elegance, and self-healing properties.
Mudita Products
Minimalism
The Power of Wellness: 5 Research-Based Reasons of Self-Care
Self-care is a deliberate activity that you do to take care of your mental, physical, and emotional health.
Wellness
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Breathing
Healthy Body and Mind
Embrace the Element of Elegance with Mudita
The heart of every watch is the movement. With its simple functionality and attention to detail, traditional SWISS timepieces are hard to fully replace.
Digital minimalism
Mudita Products
Minimalism
Another Mudita Kompakt sneak peek: The RETURN of the Jack
Another exciting sneak peek of Mudita Kompakt! Join us in embracing a simpler, minimalist lifestyle.
Mudita Kompakt
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Mudita backstage
Are you ready for another sneak-peek of Mudita Kompakt?
Discover one of Mudita Kompakt's cool feature, promising a blend of mindful tech, simplicity, and function. Stay tuned for more updates!
Digital minimalism
Mudita Products
Mudita Kompakt
Optimizing Sleep: An Exclusive Interview with Mollie Eastman
The art of better sleep with Mollie Eastman & Mudita. Uncover expert insights on optimizing sleep hygiene & embracing Mudita's tech for improved well-being.
Sleep
Wellness
Healthy Body and Mind
First glimpse of Mudita Kompakt
Mudita Kompakt is Mudita's upcoming minimalist phone with an E-Ink touchscreen, designed for simplicity and reducing digital noise.
Focus and productivity
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Privacy and security
Mudita backstage
The Compelling Case for Reinstating the Classic Alarm Clock
Discover the transformative power of Mudita Bell and Mudita Bell 2 alarm clocks in enhancing your sleep hygiene.
Wellness
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Thoughtful Presents: A Mindful Approach to Gift-Giving
Explore mindful gift-giving with Mudita. Discover how choosing thoughtful, wellness-focused presents can reduce stress, declutter lives, and enhance well-being.
Wellness
Sleep
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Silent walking as a form of walking meditation
Explore the rejuvenating power of silent walking, a modern twist on ancient walking meditation.
Wellness
Meditation and mindfulness
Healthy Body and Mind
10 FUN & INTERESTING FACTS about sleep
At Mudita, we believe sleep is a fascinating subject, and there's a lot we know—and a lot we don't know—about it.
Sleep
Healthy Body and Mind
Mudita Products
Best podcasts for sleep- Mudita Edition
Enhance your podcast experience with Mudita Harmony. Mudita’s expertly curated list features soothing soundscapes and stories perfect for drifting off.
Sleep
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
The Benefits of Soothing Sleep Sounds
Discover the benefits of soothing sleep sounds for improving sleep hygiene with our insightful guide.
Wellness
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Why Cooler Weather is Better for Your Sleep Hygiene
From boosting melatonin production to improving air quality, learn how a cooler environment can enhance your sleep quality.
Wellness
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Effects of chronic sleep deprivation on health & well-being
How your sleep habits are shaping your life, productivity & relationships and why prioritizing rest is a crucial step towards safeguarding your well-being.
Wellness
Sleep
Focus and productivity
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
5 Simple Sleep Hacks to Adjust to the End of DST in the Fall
Discover 5 effective sleep hacks to seamlessly transition into the end of Daylight Saving Time.
Wellness
Mindful Use of Technology
Sleep
Meditation and mindfulness
Healthy Body and Mind
Embrace the Night: Cultivate Habits for Optimal Sleep Health
Ensure every night is a good night. Unlock the secrets to revitalizing sleep with Mudita's guide to 5 crucial habits for impeccable sleep hygiene.
Wellness
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Mindful Tech Use: Digital well-being for a balanced life
Discover the art of mindful tech use with actionable tips for digital well-being.
Healthy Body and Mind
Privacy and security
Mindful Use of Technology
Focus and productivity
How to create a cozy sleep environment for Fall/Autumn
Discover the science behind restful sleep and craft a serene autumn sleep haven with expert tips on light control, soothing sounds, cozy bedding, and aromas.
Wellness
Sleep
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
Why sleep is crucial for academic success
Unveiling the Role of Rest in Boosting Brain Power and Well-being
Parenting
Sleep
Focus and productivity
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
Top Self-Care Rituals to Welcome Autumn 🍂
These self-care rituals can serve as a comforting guide, enriching your journey as you shift from the balmy embrace of summer to the golden allure of autumn.
Wellness
Sleep
Meditation and mindfulness
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Kids & Sleep: The importance of Sleep Hygiene in Children
Sleeping is essential for the body to recuperate and get ready for the following day.
Parenting
Sleep
Wellness
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
What Color Noise Will Help You Sleep Better At Night?
From white to pink to brown, find out which sound frequency is your ticket to dreamland. Plus learn how Mudita Harmony can be your ultimate sleep companion.
Wellness
Sleep
Healthy Body and Mind
Reasons to Stop Using Your Smartphone as an Alarm Clock
The convenience of using a smartphone as an alarm may be appealing, but are the potential negative impacts on your sleep quality & overall health worth it?
Wellness
Sleep
Electromagnetic radiation
Digital minimalism
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
10 Secrets to Deep, Restful, Restorative Sleep
Good sleep is like a song you haven't learned yet. Check out our secrets to keeping a regular schedule, staying calm, and not letting worries take over.
Wellness
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Mudita Surpassed Kickstarter Goal for Harmony 2 & Bell 2
We are thrilled to announce that our recent Kickstarter campaign for the Harmony 2 and Bell 2 alarm clocks has been a success!
Mudita Products
Mudita backstage
Mudita Launches Kickstarter Campaign for Bell 2 & Harmony 2
With a focus on precision, design, and user experience, these new alarm clocks are set to revolutionize your mornings and elevate your overall well-being.
Mudita Products
Mudita backstage
Sleep
5 Common Sleep Myths Debunked!
Don't lose out on quality sleep because of sleep myths. Instead, let the science of sleep guide you to a more restful and rejuvenating slumber.
Wellness
Sleep
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
Mudita Moment Watch Wins Red Dot Award: Product Design 2023
Winning the 2023 Red Dot Award for Product Design is a testament to the innovative and mindful design of the Mudita Moment watch.
Wellness
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Mindful Breathing
Sustainability
Healthy Body and Mind
Rise and Shine: The Benefits of Waking Up with the Sun
Waking up with the sun is important for our circadian rhythms and can improve our overall health, mood, and energy levels.
Wellness
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Mindful Spring Cleaning: Practices to Declutter Your Mind
Practical mindfulness practices to help declutter and organize your thoughts for a clearer and more focused mind.
Meditation and mindfulness
Healthy Body and Mind
Wellness
Nature's Healing Power: How Spring Can Help You Recharge
Beneath the canopy of trees and the melody of birds, the healing power of nature encompasses us, soothing the soul and restoring balance to the mind and body.
Wellness
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Breathing
Healthy Body and Mind
Simple ways to create a mindful morning routine
Creating a mindful morning routine can be a powerful way to start your day with clarity, focus, and calmness.
Wellness
Sleep
Focus and productivity
Digital minimalism
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Is mindful use of technology the next digital revolution?
Mindful tech use is a growing trend, where people are becoming more conscious of how they interact with technology & use it in a way to promote well-being.
Focus and productivity
Digital minimalism
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Privacy and security
Mudita Pure
What's behind the loneliness epidemic & how can we fix it
Understanding & overcoming isolation is not only crucial for our mental health, but also for our overall well-being.
Wellness
Digital minimalism
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Use of Technology
Togetherness
Healthy Body and Mind
The mindfulness of winter
Winter's stillness serves as a reminder to slow down, to recharge, and to refocus. Embrace the stillness, and let it guide you towards growth and renewal.
Wellness
Sleep
Meditation and mindfulness
Togetherness
Healthy Body and Mind
10 Habits to Master in 2023 to Transform Your Life
Let's make a conscious effort to establish positive habits which will transform our lives and lead us to success and happiness.
Wellness
Sleep
Focus and productivity
Digital minimalism
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
Your Healthy Sleep Hygiene Checklist ☑
Learn how to improve sleep quality, establish a consistent sleep schedule, and adopt effective sleep hygiene practices with our easy sleep hygiene checklist.
Sleep
Wellness
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Why a mindful alarm clock makes the perfect holiday gift
Gifts which are practical and useful make for happy holidays.
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Simple Self-Care Checklist
Self-care is an important if you want to feel your best. Here's a checklist to help make sure you're getting the most from your self-care routine.
Sleep
Digital minimalism
Meditation and mindfulness
Healthy Body and Mind
What causes insomnia & how to treat it
If you suffer from insomnia, it might help to take a holistic approach to your sleep hygiene in order to experience more restful, uninterrupted night's rest.
Sleep
Meditation and mindfulness
Healthy Body and Mind
Slow down: Finding calm in a busy world
We can always find some time to slow down and find our inner peace.
Sleep
Focus and productivity
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Use of Technology
Healthy Body and Mind
How to nurture relationships in the digital age
Technology has become an integral part of how we communicate & relate to one another in the twenty-first century.
Togetherness
Healthy Body and Mind
Mudita Products
6 Ways to Bring Back the Simplicity into Your Life
When you're ready to simplify your life, it opens the door to better health, happiness and peace of mind.
Digital minimalism
Meditation and mindfulness
Mindful Use of Technology
Mindful Breathing
Minimalism
Healthy Body and Mind
Simple Ways To Turn Your Bedroom Into A Sleep Sanctuary
Making small changes has the potential to greatly improve your sleep hygiene, so you can get a better night’s rest.
Sleep
Healthy Body and Mind
My TOP 6 Wellness Non-Negotiables
Our team member shares her wellness non-negotiables and how they help to guide her towards a life of health, happiness and fulfillment.
Mindful Breathing
Healthy Body and Mind
Meditation and mindfulness
Sleep
Simple tips to transition to a back-to-school sleep schedule
Back-to-school means earlier mornings and earlier bedtimes. Check out our tips for an easy transition.
Sleep
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
How to effectively deal with workplace burnout
“Burnout is what happens when you try to avoid being human for too long.” ~Michael Gungor
Healthy Body and Mind
Mindful Use of Technology
Focus and productivity
Sleep
We’ve reached the end of our crowdfunding journey!
Our Backers & the Mudita Community helped us bring this AWESOME campaign to completion!
Mudita Products
Mudita Pure
The Science-Backed Benefits of Beauty Sleep
Unlock the secrets of beauty sleep with science-backed insights. Learn how quality sleep rejuvenates your skin, boosts immunity, and slows aging.
Healthy Body and Mind
Sleep
We’ve reached an important milestone!
“One way to keep momentum going is to have constantly greater goals.”– Michael Korda
Mudita Products
Mudita Pure
Mudita backstage
Five Essential Habits to Boost Your Mental Health
To mark Mental Illness Awareness Week, we’re offering five essential tips to boost your mental health.
Mudita Products
Healthy Body and Mind
Meditation and mindfulness
Sleep
May 4th 2022 Shipping & Production Update
Here's the most recent shipping update & a software update roadmap.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
Mudita Products
April 2022 Shipping & Production Update
The April update is HERE! More devices are come along with a MuditaOS & MuditaCenter update.
March 24th 2022 Mudita Pure Shipping & Production Update
More & more devices are coming! This week we already shipped out 144 phones and are preparing to ship out another 288 units.
Mudita Pure March 2022 Production & Shipping Update
Today, we shipped out over 200 devices & in the next couple of days, approximately 150 more Mudita Pure devices will be shipped to our Backers.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
Mudita Products
Thoughts on Using Mudita Pure, from a Gen Z User
Gen Z are true digital natives. Can they manage to take a step back from constant connection & try Mudita Pure?
Healthy Body and Mind
Mudita Products
Mudita Pure
Mudita Pure Shipping Update- More devices are on the way!
In this update, we outline our strategy on how we plan to scale up production & increase the amount of devices which are being shipped out each week.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Products
Mudita Pure
Mudita Pure February 2022 Shipping Update
Shipping has resumed & new Mudita Pure devices are being shipped every week.
Mudita Products
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
Discover Why Unplugging is the Best Way to Recharge
Sometimes, when things get to be “too much,” the best way to recharge & unwind is with an offline strategy. Discover the art of disconnection!
Digital minimalism
Focus and productivity
Healthy Body and Mind
Meditation and mindfulness
An invitation to the Breath Festival in Warsaw
Join Mudita at the Breath Festival in Warsaw this weekend: Jan 21-23
Healthy Body and Mind
Mindful Breathing
Meditation and mindfulness
January 2022 Production Update
We are back on track with production & shipping.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
Mindful approach to New Year's resolutions
Although mindfulness is indeed rooted in the present moment, it can help us step in to the New Year with more peace & clarity.
Healthy Body and Mind
Meditation and mindfulness
FLOW STATE: Discover the ultimate secret to productivity
What is FLOW state & how can it help you get more things done.
Focus and productivity
Digital minimalism
First Shipments of Mudita Pure Dispatched to Backers!
Mudita begins shipments of its much-anticipated, award-winning minimalist feature phone to its early Backers.
Mudita Products
Mudita backstage
MuditaOS goes from Developer Preview to FULLY Open Source
The wait is OVER! Both MuditaOS & Mudita Center code is now FULLY Open Source!
Mudita Pure
Mudita Products
Final NPI Update: firm mass production & shipping dates
We know you’re all looking forward to receiving your Mudita Pure, so we have some firm mass production & shipping dates to share with you.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Products
Mudita Pure
5 reasons to switch to an alarm clock
Find out why switching to an alarm clock may be the secret to a better night's sleep!
Healthy Body and Mind
Sleep
Wellness
Mudita Products
Mudita Harmony & Mudita Bell Design/Development story
In a world of constant connection and ever-present technology, making mindful choices, for better sleep, positively impacts our health and overall well-being.
Mudita Products
Sleep
October Mudita Pure Production & Development update
We're back with another exciting update. We're almost at the finish line!
Mudita backstage
Mudita Products
Why you shouldn't sleep with your phone under the pillow
Are you sleeping with a phone under your pillow? Is that dangerous for your health? Are there other ways to wake up on time?
Healthy Body and Mind
Sleep
Mudita Pure August/September Production Update
Here's a new update to let you know where we are in the development of Mudita Pure.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
July 2021 Mudita Pure Development/Production update
It’s that time again! A new month means more progress and development when it comes to Mudita Pure.
Mudita Pure
Mudita backstage
We’re not that busy, we’re just distracted
We're not as busy as we think we are!
Digital minimalism
Focus and productivity
June 2021 Mudita Pure Production/ Development update
Things are moving forward quite quickly! We’ll do our best to update you on all of our progress.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
Reflections on Minimalism: Expectations vs. Reality
At its core, minimalism isn’t anything complicated. It's a very simple idea. It’s intentional simplicity.
Minimalism
Healthy Body and Mind
Is remote work here to stay?
As the global pandemic shuttered cities, emptied offices and accelerated existing trends in remote work, most of us moved our lives online.
Focus and productivity
Mudita Pure May 2021 development and production update
We know that you are eagerly awaiting the delivery of Mudita Pure, so we would like to share our most recent progress with you.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
How ‘Zoom hoodies' remind me not to judge
Zoom, as well as other video-conferencing software, has helping us stay connected, however, it has also given rise to some peculiar habits.
Focus and productivity
iF Design Award 2021 for Mudita Pure
We're excited to announce that Mudita Pure, our minimalist E Ink phone, has been honored with another prominent award!
Mudita Pure
Mudita backstage
Cell phones without internet access, why should we use them?
Smartphones may be here to stay, but there are plenty of reasons to make the switch to the "less mainstream" feature phone or a more mindful phone.
Digital minimalism
Mudita Pure
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Pure April production & development update
Here’s a summary of the progress we’ve made in the last month and our plans for the upcoming weeks.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
The Algorithm Effect: How algorithms influence our decisions
Algorithms. They are everywhere. And they can even go rouge. Whether we are aware of it or not, algorithms have become a ubiquitous part of our everyday lives.
Digital minimalism
Privacy and security
Mudita Pure
Predictive texting: The need for speed
Becoming accustomed to predictive text software may have some, unconsidered, albeit, far-reaching consequences, especially in younger individuals.
Focus and productivity
Mudita Pure
New production schedule, and unfortunately - further delay
We are truly sorry to announce that due to the circumstances which we will further cover in this update, we have to postpone the release date of Mudita Pure.
Mudita Pure
Everything I know about mindfulness, I learned from my dog
Dogs know: a wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Dogs are undeniably remarkable mindfulness teachers, if we take the time to notice the lessons.
Healthy Body and Mind
Meditation and mindfulness
E Ink and The Eyestrain Debate
The matte screen of an E ink display, like in Mudita Pure, does not trigger visual strain in the same way as staring at an LCD screen does.
Mudita Pure
Healthy Body and Mind
Mudita Pure Production Update - February
With a lot of activities moving forward in the Mudita Pure production process, we’re here with another update.
Mudita Pure
Mudita backstage
Complexities to Relationships in the Digital Age.
Relationships are complex; whether you choose to live hyper-connected to your digital devices or choose a more basic, unplugged, analog type of life.
Healthy Body and Mind
Our Digital Lives: The Power of Privacy
Consumers are expecting privacy, and if companies fail to provide adequate safeguards, they will find someone who can.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
Privacy and security
Mudita Pure development: Production update
Over the last couple of weeks, our team members have been able to test the Mudita Pure in real life.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure
Little cards with huge impact.
Mindfulness is a mind exercise, intended not only for people experiencing difficulties coping with stress and negative emotions.
Mudita Pure: Production update
We have 60 fully functional Mudita Pure devices in our hands!
Mudita Pure
Mudita backstage
How technology has upended the human experience
Somehow, technology missed the memo that deep down, humans want to be treated as a priority instead of an option.
Healthy Body and Mind
Digital minimalism
Mindful Use of Technology
Mudita Products
Mudita Kompakt
MuditaOS goes Open Source - join the Developer Preview!
We’re happy to announce that we’re open-sourcing MuditaOS - our operating system for Mudita Pure.
Mudita Pure
Mudita Products
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure: Important update about the production calendar
The latest tests revealed a problem, which we need to fix before starting the mass production. It means that we are forced to revise our production calendar.
Mudita Pure
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure with the German Design Award 2021
Mudita Pure is among the winners of the German Design Awards 2021 in the "Excellent Product Design - Computer and Communication" category.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Pure: Production update & shipping dates
The progress we’ve made in the last weeks allows us to give you the information we’ve been all waiting for: the shipping dates of Mudita Pure.
Mudita backstage
Pebble Gray or Charcoal Black?
As we’re getting ready for the release of the phone, we’ve opened pre-orders of Mudita Pure on our website.
Mudita backstage
Live updates on the Breath initiative
In this blogpost we will be publishing the latest updates about Breath development.
Mudita backstage
Mudita Harmony Update : Finalizing the details
As we have just crossed another milestone in Mudita Harmony development, we are ready to share some sneak peeks with you.
Mudita backstage
Sleep
Mudita Pure with the Iron A'Design Award 2020
Mudita Pure phone has been granted the Iron A' Design Award in Digital and Electronic Devices Design Category.
Mudita backstage
An Introduction to Meditation: Self-Awareness in Hard Times
Introduction to zen meditation with Zen Master Alexander Poraj-Żakiel that will help you regain balance and focus on the present moment.
Meditation and mindfulness
The Concept of Slowness and Mudita
As a humane technology company, by providing solutions making users' everyday lives more mindful and slow, we’ve got slowness in our DNA.
Mudita backstage
The Kickstarter campaign of Mudita Pure is finished!
We are happy to inform you that our debut product campaign on Kickstarter was a success, exceeding our initial goal by 262%, thanks to more than 1,000 backers!
Mudita backstage
Where does the price of Mudita Pure come from?
We want to thank all of you that follow and support Mudita. It shows us that our mission is shared by many people all over the world.
Mudita backstage
Michal, the founder of Mudita, tells his incredible story
Personal experiences of the founder of Mudita had a major impact on the decision of establishing it. We asked Michal to tell his story in a short documentary.
Mudita backstage
Latest stories
What is BBB and Why Is It Important for Radiation Exposure?
The function of the BBB is to provide a defence against infections and toxins entering the brain via the bloodstream.
Electromagnetic radiation
The Two Sides of the Story Is Microwave Radiation Dangerous?
A microwave oven is a device present in almost every home. Is microwave radiation really harmful? Find out the answer to this question!
Electromagnetic radiation
Does Electrosmog Contribute to the Development of Diseases?
Electrosmog is an artificial electromagnetic field emitted by all the everyday devices that we use.
Electromagnetic radiation
10 Tips on How to Reduce Mobile Phone Radiation: Part 1
The sad reality is that these days living without technology seems almost impossible for us.
Electromagnetic radiation
Leisure time: holidays offline
We’ve prepared a list of 5 wild and peaceful places in Europe which are perfect for quiet and relaxing holidays.
Focus and productivity
10 Simple Ways to Develop Good Time Management Skills
Effective time management mostly relies on its optimal use in the consistent pursuit of your goal.
Focus and productivity
COSMOS: Cohort Study of Mobile Phone Use and Health
Cell phones and other wireless devices such as laptops or tablets emit electromagnetic fields (EMF).
Electromagnetic radiation
Hypersensitivity for Electromagnetic Radiation
Swedes affected by EHS are provided full health care and can count on the understanding of both employers and doctors.
Electromagnetic radiation